Information Gathering Habits among Tribal People: with special reference to A.B Palli Thanda Anantapur District Andhra Pradesh, India.

User research has started to be seen as an important part of information packages. Information providers like to broadcast more TV shows to understand the information need of their users and their information-gathering methods so that they can provide better service. The result shows 68.66% of users spend time on television collecting information. Finally, this article highlights the key point and issues related to information gathering, education health agricultur

A Review-Improvement of Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay by Stone Column Technique

Bearing capacity is the important factor in the construction of buildings. There are many trending methods which are used to improve the bearing capacity of soft clay. One such method is stone column technique. Now a dayrsquos most of industries and buildings are being constructed away from city limits i.e. in the agricultural lands, ponds etc. This technique is very helpful in construction of buildings in soft clay and agricultural lands. Industrial wastes such as quarry waste, bagasse ash, silica fume are widely used. In this paper, a review of researchers about the industrial waste is being presented

The Role of Autonomous Colleges in the Context of Globalization

Globalization is a widely used term which has acquired several meanings varying in their degree of precision, among intellectuals, media, multilateral lending agencies, business community, environmentalists, economists, traders, educationalists and others. Globalization is very closely connected with the concepts of liberalization, privatization, free markets, centrality of productivity, cultural pluralism transnationalism, informatisation and so on. Education in general and teacher education in particular occupies a significant role in the modern context of the global society. Every country develops its system of education to express and promote its unique socio-cultural identity and also to meet the challenges of the time. Globalization has replaced the intrinsic value of teacher education with an instrumental value. Consequently education is identified as a salable commodity and non-salable knowledge is sealed down in the global perspective. The rapid global expansion of knowledge demands an over--all re-organization of education, especially a. basic change in the perspective and process of teacher education

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING BIOADHESIVE TABLETS OF HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE

Objective: Floating bioadhesive tablets of hydrochlorothiazide were developed to prolong gastric residence time leading to an increase in drugbioavailability where here a combination of floating and bioadhesion mechanism is combined.Methods: Tablets are prepared by direct compression technique using polymers xanthan gum, carbopol 974 P, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, magnesiumStearate USP-NF (Avicel PH 102), microcrystalline cellulose Ph 102, Talc, and sodium bicarbonate.Results: Tablets were evaluated for their physical characteristics, namely, hardness, thickness, friability and weight variation, drug content, andfloating properties. The best formulation subjected for kinetic treatment, i.e., zero order, first order, peppas, Higuchi, and Hixon-crowel. The R valuesare 0.9366, 0.9364, 0.9680, 0.9974, and 0.9283, respectively.Conclusion: Optimized formulae F4 containing polymers HPMC K4M and CARBOPOL 974 P showed more bioadhesion with a controlled release over12 hrs. Therefore, formulation F4 identified as a successful formulation for the development of floating bioadhesive tablets.Â

Tagged Grid Matching Based Object Detection in Wavelet Neural Network

Object detection using Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) plays a major contribution in the analysis of image processing. Existing cluster-based algorithm for co-saliency object detection performs the work on the multiple images. The co-saliency detection results are not desirable to handle the multi scale image objects in WNN. Existing Super Resolution (SR) scheme for landmark images identifies the corresponding regions in the images and reduces the mismatching rate. But the Structure-aware matching criterion is not paying attention to detect multiple regions in SR images and fail to enhance the result percentage of object detection. To detect the objects in the high-resolution remote sensing images, Tagged Grid Matching (TGM) technique is proposed in this paper. TGM technique consists of the three main components such as object determination, object searching and object verification in WNN. Initially, object determination in TGM technique specifies the position and size of objects in the current image. The specification of the position and size using the hierarchical grid easily determines the multiple objects. Second component, object searching in TGM technique is carried out using the cross-point searching. The cross out searching point of the objects is selected to faster the searching process and reduces the detection time. Final component performs the object verification process in TGM technique for identifying (i.e.,) detecting the dissimilarity of objects in the current frame. The verification process matches the search result grid points with the stored grid points to easily detect the objects using the Gabor wavelet Transform. The implementation of TGM technique offers a significant improvement on the multi-object detection rate, processing time, precision factor and detection accuracy level

Consumer Awareness of the Jersey Fresh Promotional Program

The Jersey Fresh marketing program, one of the nation’s leading examples of state-sponsored agricultural marketing promotion, enables consumers to easily identify quality fresh produce from New Jersey by promoting locally grown fruits and vegetables in the market with Jersey Fresh’s logos. This study utilizes a consumer survey to evaluate the effectiveness of the Jersey Fresh Program in terms of the impact the promotional logos have on consumers. The results of this study provide valuable information that may be used to improve the Jersey Fresh Program, and also may be used in the promotion of other New Jersey farm products as well as products in other states which have similar promotional programs. Among other things, this study demonstrated that the Jersey Fresh promotional program has created significant brand awareness among New Jersey consumers and that consumers are willing to purchase Jersey Fresh produce when it’s available. Consumers reported seeing the Jersey Fresh logo most frequently on in-store produce displays. What’s more, women were more likely than men to be aware of Jersey Fresh, as were married people. Survey participants believed Jersey Fresh produce to be better than produce in other states in terms of quality and freshness. Moreover, consumers associate the Jersey Fresh logo with locally grown, quality produce. Suggestions that emerged from the study include increasing the availability of Jersey Fresh produce during the production seasons would ensure continued consumer patronage. Also, increasing promotions of Jersey Fresh produce in supermarkets may further increase the popularity of Jersey Fresh produce. The study showed that a vii majority of consumers were willing to pay only a small percentage premium for Jersey Fresh produce over the market prices for other fresh produce; therefore, significant price differentials are not recommended for Jersey Fresh produce. The results of this study lead to a better understanding of New Jersey consumers’ shopping behavior, their preferences towards local produce and their demographic composition. The results may be especially encouraging to those developing marketing strategies for Jersey Fresh produce or for other similar New Jersey consumer products.Consumer/Household Economics, Marketing,

Substance Based Image Classification using Wavelet Neural Network

Background: Substance based Image Classification (SIC) using a wavelet neural network can use for efficient recognition. The foremost task of SIC is to remove the surrounding regions from an image to reduce the misclassified portion and to effectively reflect a shape of an object. At first, the image to be extracted is performed with SIC system through the segmentation of the image. Next, in order to attain more accurate information, with the extracted set of regions the wavelet transform is applied for extracting the configured set of features. Finally, using the neural network classifier model, misclassification over the given natural images and further background images are removed from the given natural image using the LSEG segmentation. Moreover, to increase the accuracy of object classification, SIC system involves the removal of the regions in the surrounding image.Objective: The main objective is provide better object recognition system for object classification with more accuracy with less error rate using substance based image classification. Results: Experimental results with natural image dataset substance based image classification are complementary to existing region boundary representation model. Performance evaluation reveals that the proposed SIC system reduces the occurrence of misclassification and reflects the exact shape of an object to approximately 10-15%. Conclusion: To reduce the misclassification over the given image data, the background regions are removed from the given image data based by adapting the LSEG segmentation. To obtain the more accurate information from the image object data, the wavelet transform is applied to obtain the configured quality features. Based on the feature set, the information about the image objects data from the region boundary images are obtained. Besides, the object classifier is implemented for classification of image to obtain the exact shape of the object. Experimental evaluation is conducted with the natural image dataset to check the performance of the proposed SIC system. Evaluation results revealed that the proposed SIC system achieved a higher classification rate by removing the surrounding regions of the image. Moreover, the feature extraction process provides the highest classification rate which enhances the performance of substance based image classification system. At the same time, the proposed SIC system revealed that the occurrence of misclassification of image data is less and the acquiring the image object data in the rate of 13% compared to the existing work

Formulation and Characterization of Rizatriptan Benzoate Sublingual Tablet with Various Permeation Enhancers

In this work an attempt was made to design sublingual drug delivery system containing an Antimigraine drug. The main objective of the present research work was to overcome the hepatic first pass metabolism, provide controlled release and to enhance the permeability. The conventional dosage forms available are associated with low bioavailability problems due to extensive first pass metabolism where in antimigraine agents are also characterized by highly soluble nature with low permeability, due to which frequency of dosing is increased, which results in patient incompliance. In order to overcome these drawbacks, drugs can be developed in form of sublingual drug delivery system. Sublingual drug delivery systems provide additional advantages over conventional tablets including termination of drug action in case of toxicity by removing the dosage form from the buccal cavity. The scheme of work has been divided into various parts. The collection of theoretical and technical data by extensive literature survey, review of literature and drug profile is presented in chapter 3 and 4 respectively. This was followed by procurement of materials and standardization of all materials used in the formulation of sublingual tablets. Sublingual tablets were prepared by direct compression method using Rizatriptan benzoate and different permeation enhancers like β-Cyclodextrin, Chitosan lactate and Sodium lauryl sulphate in different ratios and Crospovidone as superdisintegrant in order to release the drug in immediate manner. The tablets were evaluated for Disintegration time, Weight variation, Thickness, Hardness, Percentage friability, Wetting Time, Drug Content and In vitro dissolution studies, In vitro permeation study on egg membrane and Ex-vivo permeation study on goat sublingual mucosa. The resulting tablets were evaluated considering the disintegration time as well as permeation as the main criteria. Disintegration time of all batches was found to be between 08– 12 sec. Friability and hardness were also good in all batches. Exvivo as well as In vitro permeation study of Batch F-6 was found to be high with good disintegration time, friability and hardness. Batch F-6 showed rapid dissolution rate and complete dissolution was achieved within 60 min. Formulation F-6 was considered as the best formulation. The results obtained have been discussed in chapter 7. Results of FT-IR revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the permeation enhancers used. The prepared tablets showed good disintegration time. The release pattern of the formulations was good. Stability studies of the selected formulation was carried out to determine the effect of formulation additives on the stability of the drug and also to determine the physical stability of the formulation. The stability studies were carried out at 40 ºC/75% RH for 90 days. There was no significant change in the physical property and drug content during the study period. From the above the results, formulation F-6 was found to be the best formulation for the sublingual delivery of Rizatriptan benzoate that complied with all the parameters. However, in vivo experiments need to be carried out to know the absorption pattern and bioavailability of drug from the sublingual tablets and thus enabling us to establish in vitro – in vivo correlation. The concept of sublingual tablets containing Rizatriptan benzoate offers a suitable and practical approach in serving the desired objective of management of Migraine. Most of the excipients used in the formulation are water-soluble and hence have better patient acceptability. The present work of formulating a sublingual tablet containing Rizatriptan benzoate was successful in terms of reducing manufacturing difficulties, cost and providing better patient compliance with effective medication. It has been observed from the above study that excipients like Mannitol, Microcrystalline cellulose, Crospovidone, Aspartame, Chitosan lactate, Beta-Cyclodextrin and Sodium lauryl sulphate etc. were ideal excipients and effective for formulating sublingual tablets. Sublingual tablets provide several advantages especially when administered to children and elderly patients. Rapid absorption into the systemic circulation within short time period may be achieved

Development and applications of EST-SSR markers in sorghum

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are playing a significant role in molecular breeding programs. But, conventional methods of SSR markers development are laborious and expensive. The alternative way is to explore the existing databases for the development of new markers. Complete genome sequencing projects depositing numerous amounts of genomic and genic (expressed sequence tag, EST) sequence in the public databases. This facilitates to explore for the development of new marker systems including SSRs, SNPs, etc. In the present study, 600 EST-SSR markers were developed in sorghum by mining the J. Craig Research Institute [formerly, The Institute for Genome Research (TIGR)] database. Non-redundant EST sequences which are having the homology with rice genome were selected for the designing these 600 markers (by exploiting rice-sorghum synteny). PCR conditions for these primer pairs were optimized on four parental pairs of sorghum genotypes constituting two mapping populations. About 23% of markers were found polymorphic in parents of shootfly resistance mapping population (BTx623 IS18551). These polymorphic markers were screened against the shootfly RIL mapping population. A total of 82 EST-SSR markers were mapped onto the previously existing skeleton map of the sorghum using shootfly resistance mapping population. After adding these 82 new EST-SSR markers, the map distance was extended to 2966.4 cM. This map distance was ~250 cM larger than the previously reported longest linkage map in sorghum. These EST-SSR markers, however, filled gaps or marker-rare regions in the existing linkage map of sorghum targeted based on rice-sorghum sequence similarity. This study demonstrates the utility of comparative genomic information in targeted development of markers to fill gaps in linkage maps of related crop species for which sufficient genomic tools are not available..

Bio-Analytical Method Development of Repaglinide Drug Delivery Systems

A sensitive, specific and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy method was developed and successfully validated to estimate the repaglinide in rabbit plasma. The solvent extraction method was used for  repaglinide from serum by using ethyl acetate and 0.1N HCl. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 4.0 at 60:40 %v/v with 1% triethylamine at flow rate of 0.8ml/min and at fixed wavelength of 254nm. On ten minutes of run time, repaglinide was retention at 7.4min. The extraction efficiency 95% for repaglinide. The intra-day and inter-day precision was in the terms of %RSD less than 1.76%. The developed method was validated and proposed method is useful for pharmacokinetics studies.  Keywords: Anti-diabetics, HPLC,Methanol,Phosphate buffer, Repaglinid